Types of Ecosystem-

What is an ecosystem

In the previous lesson you learned that Nature Different communities of organisms live together in and interact with each other as well as with their physical environment as an ecological unit. We call it the ecosystem.

ecosystem biotic and abiotic of the biosphere components is a functionally independent unit. Climate, inorganic goods, organic compounds, producers, macro consumers and micro consumers ecosystem the structural components are,

One Ecosystem In which all the living things (plants, animals and organisms) living in a given area are included and in combination with each other the non-living environment (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere) affect.

ecosystem or ecosystem (ecosystemThe term ) was coined by A-G- Tansley in 1935. An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature that includes complex interactions between its biotic and abiotic components. For example a good example of a pond ecosystem

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How many types of ecosystems are there?

• terrestrial Ecosystem (terrestrial ecosystem)
• aquatic Ecosystem (aquatic ecosystem)

components of ecosystem

The components of the ecosystem are divided into two groups.

(K) abiotic and (b) organic

1. Abiotic components (non-living): Abiotic components are divided into the following three categories:
   1. Physical Factor: Sunlight, temperature, rainfall, humidity and pressure. They limit and stabilize the growth of organisms in the ecosystem.
   2. Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, rock, soil and other minerals.
   3. organic matter: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and humic substances are the basic parts of living system and hence they are the link between biotic and abiotic components.
2. biological component (living,
   1. Producer: Green plants produce food for the entire ecosystem through photosynthesis. Green plants are called autotrophs because they obtain water and nutrients from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and absorb solar energy from the sun for this process.
   2. Consumer: They are called heterotrophs and feed on food synthesized by autotrophs. These can be classified into three categories on the basis of food preferences. Herbivores (cow, deer and rabbit etc.) eat plants directly. Carnivores are those animals that eat other animals. (e.g. lion, cat, dog etc.) and omnivores eat both plants and animals (e.g. human, pig and sparrow).
   3. Decomposer: They are also called dead bodies. These are mostly bacteria and fungi, which take in the dead decomposed and dead organic matter of plants and animals by secreting enzymes outside their body on decaying matter. They play an important role in the cycling of nutrients. They are also called detrivores. Functions of the ecosystem

An ecosystem is a complex transformational system. They perform specific functions which are as follows:-

Also Read: What is Biodiversity? , Definition, Types, Benefits, Importance

(i) The flow of energy in the food chain.
(ii) Rotation of nutrients (geochemical cycle).
(iii) Ecological sequence or evolution of ecosystem.
(iv) Homeostasis (or ecotourism, cybernetic) or recharge control systems Ponds, lakes, pastures, marshes, grasslands, deserts and forests are examples of natural ecosystems. Some of you must have seen aquarium, garden or lawn etc. in your neighbourhood. These man-made ecosystems are types of ecosystems

Ecosystems are classified as follows:

(i) Natural ecosystem (ii) Man-made ecosystem (Human modified ecosystem)

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(i) natural ecosystem

(a) Completely dependent on solar radiation. For example, forests, grasslands, seas, lakes, rivers and deserts. From them we get food, fuel, fodder and medicines.

(b) The ecosystem is dependent on solar radiation and energy sources (alternative sources) such as wind, rain and tides. Example- tropical rain forest, estuary mouth, coral reef (coral reef)

(ii) man-made ecosystem

(a) Dependent on solar energy- Example: farm and aquaculture ponds.
(b) Examples dependent on fossil fuels – urban and industrial ecosystems.

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3-Food chains are of two types:

(i) Pasture Food Chains: These chains begin with green plants that produce food for both herbivorous and carnivorous animals.

(ii) Detritus Food Chains: These chains begin with dead organic matter and those living organisms that produce food for protozoans and carnivores.

In the ecosystem, the two chains interconnect and form a y-shaped food chain. These food chains are of two types:

Also Read: The effect of energy in the ecosystem.

(i) Producer → Vegetarian → Non-vegetarian
(ii) Producer → Carnivorous → Carnivorous

4-There are two main components of the geochemical cycle:-

(1) Stores body— Atmosphere or rock, in which there is a rich store of nutrients.

(2) The rotating system or the sub-divisions of the wheel— These are relatively small stores of carbon in the form of plants and animals.

Also Read: What is emulsion? and types of emulsion, examples, uses

Now you can study the carbon cycle by studying about the geochemical cycles like carbon, nitrogen and water.

Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is the source of all types of carbon. It is extremely soluble in water. Therefore, there is also a large amount of soluble carbon dioxide in the ocean. The global carbon cycle consists of the following phases:-